木荷种子萌发及对干旱胁迫的响应

以不同渗透势的PEG(6000)溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,研究木荷种子的萌发、幼苗生长和累积吸水率对干旱胁迫的响应。结果显示:木荷种子的萌发率、幼苗生长及累积吸水率与PEG溶液的渗透势之间呈显著的负相关关系,但渗透势为-0.3~-0.6 MPa时,种子的萌发率比对照要高一些。在渗透势达到-1.8 MPa时,仍有少量种子(5.2%)能萌发,说明木荷种子具有一定的抗干旱胁迫能力。另外,经PEG处理后复水,种子的萌发率均高于对照的32.4%,提示PEG处理可以打破木荷种子的休眠现象。     

花椒“压苗”栽植方法及其造林效果

压苗栽植是花椒抗旱造林的一个新的栽植方法.用这种方法造林,幼树根系发达,成活率、保存率高,幼树结果早,产量高。以2a生的1级苗压苗造林效果最好。春、夏、秋三季造林均有较高的保存率,但从幼树生长情况来看,春季优于夏季,夏季优于秋季。     

杠杆压铊张紧系统带锯空转振动特性的分析

本文对杠杆压铊张紧系统带锯产生振动的原因,进行了试验和理论研究。用2034型频谱分析仪试验表明,带锯条振动属于复杂周期信号的离散型频谱,是由多个简谐振动叠加而成;同时理论考察分析表明,带锯条杠杆压铊张紧系统不同于秤量重物的“平衡秤”,不可能达到“静平衡”,而是在锯轮参数激振作用下形成周期性受迫振动。锯轮参数激振和杠杆压铊张紧系统位移激振之间交互作用,是使带锯条产生周期振动并引起张紧力发生变化的重要原因。     

Acacia cyanophylla for forage and fuelwood in North Africa

Forage and wood yield of Acacia cyanophylla, also known as Acacia saligna, was studied in a 300–400 mm precipitation zone in Tunisia. Yields were measured during and after drought. This short (2–8 m) evergreen leguminous tree is used as a forage drought reserve in frost free regions where mean annual precipitation exceeds 250 mm. The standing crop of leafy forage builds up year after year for at least four years or until the tree is cut. It rapidly regrows after cutting from coppice shoots. The leaves provide high protein forage for sheep and goats during the long dry summer season typical of the Mediterranean climate as well as emergency forage during drought. The tree is used to stabilize moving sand dunes, and as a windbreak to protect cropland. It also provides fuelwood and increasaes soil nitrogen by fixation. The need for supplemental irrigation during establishment is a major constraint. Research in the 350 mm precipitation zone of Tunisia found 3.2 year old trees to yield over 1400 kg of forage standing crop per hectare after a severe drought. Trees harvested at 2.5 years of age in May, during the worst drought in over 30 years, yielded a standing forage crop of 724 kg per hectare. Forage regrowth 8 months after cutting and 4 months after rains returned was 700 kg/ha. The forage standing crop for trees harvested only once during the 3.2 year period was double the amount of forage regrowth from trees harvested the previous year, but mean annual forage yield similar. This demonstrates that it is possible for forage to be conserved as a living forage reserve for later use during drought. Total wood yield was only 1621 kg/ha for trees cut twice compared to 3683 kg/ha for trees cut only once. Annual cutting will substantially reduce the amount of forage available during drought and reduce the production of fuelwood. It may also reduce the vigor, productivity and life of the tree. Acacia cyanophylla alley cropped on cereal farmland can protect the soil from erosion, protect the associated crop from wind damage, fix nitrogen, provide fuelwood and provide a reserve of high quality forage for use during drought. This work was supported by the Government of Tunisia and the U.S.A.I.D. Tunisia Range Development and Management Project (664-0312.8).     

抗旱造林新技术在甜柿建园中的应用

在甜柿建园中，通过ABT生根粉,SAP高效抗旱保水剂和地膜覆盖技术的应用．可显著提高造林成活率和苗木生长量。通过试验研究．总结出组装配套技术．造林成活率达到98％以上．值得大力推广。     

国产人造板宽带砂光机功率谱密度和试验模态分析

以国产B229型四四砂架人造板双面宽带砂光机为研究对象,从易产生横纹缺陷入手,对其砂架部件、整机等分别采用试验模态分析(EMA)及功率谱密度法(PSD)来开展振动动态特性研究。在模态试验中,采取测量点固定、改变激振点的跑点测量方法,得到固定测量点对各激振点频响函数,并应用SISO频响函数识别法,通过频响函数曲线拟合来完成模态参数识别,获到典型的整机、砂架部件的频响函数图和接触辊的二阶振型图。通过PSD分析,获得砂光机的PSD图谱和激励频率等。     

盐胁迫和干旱胁迫条件下细胞内Ca2+水平的变化

Ca^2＋是植物必需的矿质元素之一，直接参与调节细胞内许多重要生理生化过程，同时Ca^2＋作为细胞内重要的第二信使，在植物感受和转导外界刺激等方面起着重要的作用。本文就国内外有关植物在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫条件下细胞内Ca^2＋水平的变化以及Ca^2＋与植物抗盐、抗旱性的关系作一慨述，并提出和讨论了有关该领域有待进一步探讨的问题。     

甘肃省水旱灾害时空分布特征及其与粮食产量的关系

全球变暖的背景下,气象灾害呈明显上升趋势,极端干旱事件频繁发生,给农业生产造成严重损失.水旱灾害是对农业生产产生影响最直接、最经常性的灾害类型,其与农业产量关系的研究可为农业生产、防灾减灾、粮食安全评估等提供基础的科学依据.文中以我国西北甘肃省为例,根据1985-2007年全省水旱灾害受灾面积、成灾面积、粮食产量数据,...     

近30年来内蒙古地区气候干湿状况时空分布特征

根据内蒙古115个气象站1971～2000年气象资料,采用改进的Selianinov干燥度计算公式,研究了内蒙古地区气候干湿状况时空变化。结果表明:内蒙古干燥度空间分布具有明显地带性分布规律,即从西向东随经度增加干燥度逐渐变小,气候变得湿润。从年际变化的空间分布可以看出,30年来内蒙古地区气候变化大致分为两种类型:1)干湿交替型,位于西部的典型荒漠区和东北部的大兴安岭森林区。2)持续变干型,内蒙古中东北地区的半湿润区和半干旱区的分界线,30年来持续向东南方向推进,使得半湿润区面积缩小,半干旱区面积增加。从年际变化的时间分布来看,70年代,年平均干燥度呈现波动式下降,气候变化趋于湿润化;80年代,气候经历了先干后湿又干的变化过程,干燥度波动较大;90年代,气候经历了先湿润后急剧变干的变化过程,其中1995～2000年干燥度增幅为30年最快的时段。在六大生态类型分区中,典型荒漠区干燥度变化最为剧烈,且对内蒙古全区干燥度的贡献率最大,大兴安岭林区和草甸草原区的干燥度变化最小。从气候干湿状况的年代际变化可以看出,80年代是内蒙古全区气候干旱比较严重的年代。